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Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary

I. by [ingl brit bʌɪ, ingl am baɪ] PREP

1. by (showing agent, result):

by
par
he was bitten by a snake
il a été mordu par un serpent
the house was designed by an architect
la maison a été conçue par un architecte
a building destroyed by fire
un bâtiment détruit par le feu
we were overwhelmed by the news
nous avons été bouleversés par la nouvelle
by working extra hours, he was able to earn more money
en faisant des heures supplémentaires, il a pu gagner plus d'argent
by selling some valuables, she was able to raise some money
en vendant quelques objets de valeur, elle a pu rassembler des fonds
to begin by saying that …
commencer par dire que …
any money paid by you will be reimbursed
tout ce que vous avez payé vous sera remboursé

2. by (through the means of):

to travel by bus/train
voyager en bus/train
by bicycle
à bicyclette, en vélo
to pay by cheque
payer par chèque
you can reach me by phone
vous pouvez me contacter par téléphone
by candlelight dine
aux chandelles
by candlelight read
à la bougie
I know her by sight
je la connais de vue
I took him by the hand
je l'ai pris par la main
he grabbed me by the hair
il m'a attrapé par les cheveux
she was holding it by the handle
elle le tenait par le manche
he has two children by his first wife
il a deux enfants de sa première femme

3. by (according to, from evidence of):

by
à
by my watch it is three o'clock
à ma montre, il est trois heures
I could tell by the look on her face that she was angry
rien qu'à la regarder je savais qu'elle était fâchée
what did you understand by her remarks?
comment est-ce que tu as compris ses remarques?
I knew him by his walk
je l'ai reconnu à sa démarche
it's all right by me
ça me va

4. by (via, passing through):

by
par
we entered by the back door
nous sommes entrés par la porte de derrière
we'll get there quicker if we go by Birmingham
nous y arriverons plus rapidement si nous passons par Birmingham
we travelled to Rome by Venice and Florence
nous sommes allés à Rome en passant par Venise et Florence

5. by (near, beside):

by
à côté de, près de
by the bed/the window
à côté du lit/de la fenêtre
by the sea
au bord de la mer
come and sit by me
viens t'asseoir à côté de moi

6. by (past):

to go or pass by sb
passer devant qn
she walked by me
elle est passée devant moi
they passed us by in their car
ils nous ont dépassés dans leur voiture
please let us get by
s'il vous plaît, laissez-nous passer

7. by (showing authorship):

by
de
a film by Claude Chabrol
un film de Claude Chabrol
a novel by Virginia Woolf
un roman de Virginia Woolf
who is it by?
c'est de qui?

8. by (before, not later than):

by
avant
it must be done by four o'clock/next Thursday
il faut que ce soit fait avant quatre heures/jeudi prochain
by this time next week
d'ici la semaine prochaine
by the time she had got downstairs he was gone
le temps qu'elle descende, il était parti
he ought to be here by now
il devrait être déjà là
by now it was clear that they were going to win
à ce moment-là il était clair qu'ils allaient gagner
but by then it was too late
mais il était déjà trop tard

9. by (during):

by day as well as by night
de jour comme de nuit
by daylight
au jour
by moonlight
au clair de lune

10. by (according to):

forbidden by law
interdit par la loi
to play by the rules
jouer selon les règles
it seems primitive by western standards
cela a l'air primitif selon or d'après les critères occidentaux

11. by (to the extent or degree of):

by
de
prices have risen by 20%
les prix ont augmenté de 20%
he's taller than me by two centimetres
il fait deux centimètres de plus que moi, il est plus grand que moi de deux centimètres
by far
de loin
she is by far the cleverest/the youngest
elle est de loin la plus intelligente/la plus jeune
it's better by far
c'est beaucoup mieux

12. by (in measurements):

by
sur
a room 20 metres by 10 metres
une pièce de 20 mètres sur 10

13. by MAT (in multiplication, division):

by
par
10 multiplied by 5 is 50
10 multiplié par 5 égale 50

14. by (showing rate, quantity):

by
à
to be paid by the hour
être payé à l'heure
by the dozen
à la douzaine

15. by (in successive degrees, units):

little by little
peu à peu
day by day
jour après jour
one by one
un par un, un à un

16. by (with regard to):

by
de
he is an architect by profession or trade
il est architecte de son métier
by birth
de naissance

17. by (as a result of):

by
par
by accident/mistake
par accident/erreur
by chance
par hasard

18. by (used with reflexive pronouns):

he did it all by himself
il l'a fait tout seul
she was sitting by herself
elle était assise toute seule

19. by (in promises, oaths):

by God, I could kill him!
je le jure, je pourrais le tuer!
I swear by heaven
je jure devant Dieu

20. by NAUT (in compass directions):

by
quart
south by south-west
sud quart sud-ouest

II. by [ingl brit bʌɪ, ingl am baɪ] AVV

1. by (past):

to go by
passer
the people walking by
les gens mpl qui passent/passaient
the people walking by
les passants mpl
he walked on by without stopping
il est passé sans s'arrêter
a lot of time has gone by since then
il s'est écoulé beaucoup de temps depuis lors
as time goes by
avec le temps

2. by (near):

by
près
he lives close by
il habite tout près

3. by (aside, in reserve):

to put money by
mettre de l'argent de côté

4. by (to one's house):

come by for a drink
passe prendre un verre
she called by during the week
elle est passée dans la semaine

III. by [ingl brit bʌɪ, ingl am baɪ]

by and by
bientôt
by the by , by the bye
à propos
but that's by the by
mais ça c'est un détail, mais ça c'est autre chose

drive-by shooting, drive-by SOST ingl am

drive-by shooting
attaque f criminelle (exécutée d'une voiture en marche)

I. swear by VB [ingl brit swɛː -, ingl am swɛr -] colloq (swear by [sth/sb])

swear by remedy, electrician:

swear by
ne jurer que par

by-law [ingl brit ˈbʌɪlɔː, ingl am ˈbaɪlɔ] SOST

1. by-law (of local authority):

by-law
arrêté m municipal

2. by-law COMM:

by-law
règlement m intérieur

by-election [ingl brit ˈbʌɪəˌlɛkʃ(ə)n, ingl am ˈbaɪəˌlɛkʃən] SOST ingl brit

by-election
élection f partielle

by-product SOST

by-product
dérivé m
by-product fig
effet m secondaire

I. come by VB [ingl brit kʌm -, ingl am kəm -] (come by)

come by person:

come by
passer
you must come by and see us
passez donc nous voir

II. come by VB [ingl brit kʌm -, ingl am kəm -] (come by [sth])

come by book, job, money:

come by
trouver

drop by VB [ingl brit drɒp -, ingl am drɑp -]

drop by
passer
if there's anything you need just drop by
si vous avez besoin de quoi que ce soit, passez me/nous voir
I dropped by to see her today
je suis passé la voir aujourd'hui

call by VB [ingl brit kɔːl -, ingl am kɔl -]

call by
passer

I. put by VB [ingl brit pʊt -, ingl am pʊt -] ingl brit (put [sth] by, put by [sth])

put by money:

put by
mettre [qc] de côté
to have a bit (of money) put by
avoir un peu d'argent de côté

nel dizionario PONS

I. by [baɪ] PREP

1. by (near):

to stand/lie/be by sth/sb
être près [ou à côté] de qc/qn
close [or near] by sb/sth
tout près de qn/qc
by the sea
au bord de la mer

2. by (during):

by day/night
le [ou de] jour/la [ou de] nuit
by moonlight
au clair de lune
by the way
en cours de route

3. by (at latest time):

by tomorrow/midnight
d'ici demain
by midnight
avant minuit
by now
à l'heure qu'il est
by then
à ce moment-là
by the time sb saw him ...
le temps [ou avant] que qn le voie (congt) ...

4. by (showing agent, cause):

a novel by Joyce
un roman de Joyce
killed by sth/sb
tué par qc/qn
surrounded by dogs
entouré de chiens
made by hand
fait (à la) main

5. by (using):

by rail/plane/tram
en train/par avion/avec le tram
by means of sth
au moyen de qc
by doing sth
en faisant qc
to hold sb by the arm
tenir qn par le bras
to go in by the door
entrer par la porte
to call sb/sth by name
appeler qn/qc par son nom

6. by (through):

by chance/mistake
par hasard/erreur
what does he mean by that?
que veut-il dire par là?

7. by (past):

to go by Paris
y aller en passant par Paris
to walk by the post-office
passer devant la poste
to run by sb
passer à côté de qn en courant

8. by (alone):

to do sth/to be by oneself
faire qc/être tout seul

9. by (in measurement):

paid by the hour
payé à l'heure
by the day
par jour
to buy by the kilo/dozen
acheter au kilo/à la douzaine
to multiply/divide by 4
multiplier/diviser par 4
to increase by 10%
augmenter de 10%
4 metres by 6
de 4 à 6 mètres

10. by (from perspective of):

to judge by appearances
juger d'après les apparences
it's all right by me colloq
moi, je suis d'accord

II. by [baɪ] AVV

1. by (in reserve):

to put/lay sth by
mettre qc de côté

2. by (gradually):

by and by
peu à peu

3. by (past):

to go/pass by
passer

locuzioni:

by and large
d'une façon générale

go by VB vb intr

1. go by (pass by):

go by
passer
to go by sb
passer chez qn
to let sth go by
laisser passer qc

2. go by (be guided by):

to go by sth
être conduit par qc

3. go by (be known by):

to go by the name of sb
être inscrit sous le nom de qn

by-product [ˈbaɪprɒdʌkt, ingl am -prɑ:dəkt] SOST

by-product
sous-produit m
by-product fig
effet m secondaire

slip by VB vb intr

slip by
filer
slip by time
passer

by-road [ˈbəɪrəʊd, ingl am -roʊd] SOST

by-road
route f secondaire

roll by VB vb intr

roll by vehicle
passer
roll by time
s'écouler

passer-by <passers-by> SOST

passer-by
passant(e) m (f)

hard by PREP form

hard by
tout à côté de

I. come by VB vb trans insep

1. come by → come across

2. come by (obtain by chance):

come by
trouver

II. come by VB vb intr

come by
passer
Vedi anche

I. come across VB vb trans

come across photos
tomber sur
come across problem, obstacle
rencontrer

II. come across VB vb intr

come across
faire une impression
to come across well/badly
bien/mal passer
to come across as sth
donner l'impression d'être qc

lay by VB vb trans

lay by
mettre de côté
nel dizionario PONS

I. by [baɪ] PREP

1. by (near):

to stand/lie/be by sth/sb
se tenir/être étendu(e)/être près [ou à côté] de qc/qn
close [or near] by sb/sth
tout près de qn/qc
by the sea
au bord de la mer

2. by (during):

by day/night
le [ou de] jour/la [ou de] nuit
by moonlight
au clair de lune
by the way
en cours de route

3. by (at latest time):

by tomorrow
d'ici demain
by midnight
avant minuit
by now
à l'heure qu'il est
by then
à ce moment-là
by the time sb saw him ...
le temps [ou avant] que qn le voie (congt) ...

4. by (showing agent, cause):

a novel by Joyce
un roman de Joyce
killed by sth/sb
tué par qc/qn
surrounded by dogs
entouré de chiens
made by hand
fait (à la) main

5. by (using):

by rail/plane/tram
en train/par avion/avec le tram
by means of sth
au moyen de qc
by doing sth
en faisant qc
to hold sb by the arm
tenir qn par le bras
to go in by the door
entrer par la porte
to call sb/sth by name
appeler qn/qc par son nom

6. by (through):

by chance/mistake
par hasard/erreur
what does he mean by that?
que veut-il dire par là?

7. by (past):

to go by Paris
y aller en passant par Paris
to walk by the post-office
passer devant la poste
to run by sb
passer à côté de qn en courant

8. by (alone):

to do sth/to be by oneself
faire qc/être tout seul

9. by (in measurement):

paid by the hour
payé à l'heure
by the day
par jour
to buy by the kilo/dozen
acheter au kilo/à la douzaine
to multiply/divide by 4
multiplier/diviser par 4
to increase by 10%
augmenter de 10%
4 feet by 6
de 4 pieds sur 6 (de 1, 20 m sur 1, 80 m environ)

10. by (from perspective of):

to judge by appearances
juger d'après les apparences
it's all right by me colloq
moi, je suis d'accord

II. by [baɪ] AVV

1. by (in reserve):

to put/lay sth by
mettre/poser qc de côté

2. by (gradually):

by and by
peu à peu

3. by (past):

to go/pass by
passer

locuzioni:

by and large
d'une façon générale

I. pass by VB vb intr

1. pass by (elapse):

pass by
passer
time passes by
le temps s'écoule

2. pass by (go past):

pass by
passer (à côté)

II. pass by VB vb trans

pass by
passer devant
life passes sb by
qn passe à côté de la vie

slip by VB vb intr

slip by
filer
slip by time
passer

I. come by VB vb trans insep

1. come by → come across

2. come by (obtain by chance):

come by
trouver

II. come by VB vb intr

come by
passer
Vedi anche

I. come across VB vb trans

come across photos
tomber sur
come across problem, obstacle
rencontrer

II. come across VB vb intr

come across
faire une impression
to come across well/badly
bien/mal passer
to come across as sth
donner l'impression d'être qc

stop by VB vb intr

stop by
passer

swear by VB vb trans colloq

swear by
jurer par

by-product [ˈbaɪ·pra·dəkt] SOST

by-product
sous-produit m
by-product fig
effet m secondaire

by-road [ˈbaɪ·roʊd] SOST

by-road
route f secondaire

get by VB vb intr

1. get by (manage):

get by
se débrouiller
to get by on sth
s'en sortir avec qc

2. get by (pass):

get by
passer

I. go by VB vb intr

go by
passer
to go by sb's house
passer chez qn
to let sth go by
laisser passer qc

II. go by VB vb trans

1. go by (be guided by):

to go by sth
être conduit par qc

2. go by (be known by):

to go by the name of sb
être inscrit sous le nom de qn

Glossario «Intégration et égalité des chances» OFAJ

Glossario della tecnica del freddo GEA

Present
Icome by
youcome by
he/she/itcomes by
wecome by
youcome by
theycome by
Past
Icame by
youcame by
he/she/itcame by
wecame by
youcame by
theycame by
Present Perfect
Ihavecome by
youhavecome by
he/she/ithascome by
wehavecome by
youhavecome by
theyhavecome by
Past Perfect
Ihadcome by
youhadcome by
he/she/ithadcome by
wehadcome by
youhadcome by
theyhadcome by
Vedi altre tabelle di verbi
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